Some energy experts say battery-powered vehicles will increasingly help keep the lights on and support electric grids, rather than straining them.
The U.A.W., with a more confrontational leader, aims to win back wage and benefit concessions and insulate jobs from the rise of electric vehicles.
The automaker saw a big jump in deliveries of pickup trucks as demand from consumers and businesses remained strong.
More technology and creature comforts, as well as a parade of new electric vehicles, have complicated the job after accidents.
Ford, General Motors and others are striking deals with mining companies to avoid raw material shortages that could thwart their electric vehicle ambitions.
Deals with Ford and G.M. will make it easier to find a charger but could give Elon Musk control of critical infrastructure.
The money will help finance three plants the automaker and its partner, SK On, are building in Kentucky and Tennessee.
The electric car company, which operates the country’s most extensive charging network, struck a similar deal with Ford Motor recently.
Passenger cars dominate the electric vehicle market, but light delivery trucks could benefit from the cost savings and range E.V.s offer.
Sales increased from a year earlier, when the automaker was hampered by parts shortages.