The Senate’s proposal aims to accelerate electric car sales and promote domestic battery manufacturing at China’s expense.
The $369 billion climate and tax bill would affect every aspect of U.S. energy production, with incentives for producers and consumers to move away from fossil fuels.
The loan will help the automaker and its supplier build electric vehicle battery factories in Ohio, Tennessee and Michigan.
Tesla said it expected capital expenditures to be $6 billion to $8 billion in 2022, up from an April forecast of $5 billion to $7 billion.
The world’s largest maker of electric cars struggled with production problems in China.
A scarcity of semiconductors and raw materials held back production, but buyers remain enthusiastic.
Makers of batteries that could charge in a few minutes are setting up assembly lines, bringing the technology a big step closer to auto showrooms.
The automaker sold 483,688 vehicles in the United States in the second quarter.
The electric carmaker has been growing fast in recent years, but Elon Musk, its chief executive, appears to be concerned about a weakening economy.
The automaker said the move would further its electric-vehicle goals. It may also defuse tensions with the U.A.W. ahead of contract talks next year.