Lawyers for Tesla have asked a Delaware judge to reverse her decision to void a multibillion-dollar pay package for Mr. Musk after shareholders approved it a second time in June.
Akio Toyoda ran Toyota for 14 years before handing the reins to a new C.E.O. last year, but some have grown concerned about the control he still wields.
The vote was seen as a referendum on his management of the electric car maker and on the limits of executive pay.
The vote is seen as a referendum on the limits of executive pay and the accountability of Silicon Valley billionaires.
The company’s directors are asking shareholders to again approve the multibillion-dollar compensation plan and to move the company’s registration to Texas, from Delaware.
Robyn Denholm, who has led the electric car company’s board for more than five years, has been criticized for not serving as a check on Mr. Musk.
Shareholders had sued, arguing that Mr. Musk’s compensation — which helped make him the world’s richest person — was excessive.
Elon Musk, the electric car company’s chief executive, said he would “build products outside of Tesla” unless the board raises his stake to 25 percent.
Some shareholders saw the automaker’s decision to move up the deadline by two months as a way to suppress criticism during the company’s annual meeting on Tuesday.
Investors blame Elon Musk and wonder how much more the stock will fall.