Some buyers said the electric Lightning did not meet expectations, and Ford has slashed its production plans for the pickup because sales are lagging.
Ford Motor attributed the loss in the fourth quarter to charges related to pension plans and a restructuring of overseas operations.
Shareholders had sued, arguing that Mr. Musk’s compensation — which helped make him the world’s richest person — was excessive.
The automaker has placed a bet on battery-powered cars, but it has struggled to produce and sell the vehicles in large numbers.
Daimler, Navistar and Volvo have been criticized for not selling many electric heavy trucks, but the companies say the country first needs many more chargers.
Hefei has led the country in making electric vehicles and other tech products, but it still has not escaped a nationwide housing crisis.
Quarterly earnings soared from a year earlier after the company booked a tax benefit, but increased competition and a price war took a toll, the electric-car maker said.
Automakers like Ford, Kia and Toyota are offering more hybrid options to appeal to buyers who aren’t ready for fully electric vehicles.
In freezing temperatures, the batteries of electric vehicles can be less efficient and have shorter range, a lesson many Tesla drivers in Chicago learned this week.
Gross domestic product expanded 5.2 percent, as China worked to export more to make up for weak demand, high debt and a steep property contraction at home.